A huge number of systemic pathologies can lead to significant decrease in quality of life, complete loss of performance and severe disability.Diseases associated with the muscular muscle system occur not only in old age.Every 2-3 cases occur in patients of working age.The most dangerous and poorly suitable for adjustment is arthrosis.
This degenerative disease is accompanied by cartilage in cartilage and small joints, which causes the amplitude of the movements and manifests its pain in attempting to perform them.Serious consequences can only be avoided as a result of adequate treatment at an early stage of the disease.In this article we will find out modern methods of development, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of arthrosis.
The prevalence of arthrosis
Paying attention to statistical indicators may appear that arthrosis is a very important disease and the incidence of its origin only increases every year.According to the World Health Organization, the pathology is observed in seven percent of the planet's population.This primarily puts it in the frequency of detection compared to other disorders of the musculoskeletal system.
Arthrosis is a chronic disease of anti -inflammatory etiology joints that cause deformations in the affected areas
Often, cartilage degeneration is observed in young people, more often it can be seen in men.In young girls, interfalanced arthrosis is often detected.After reaching the age of fifty years, focus damage and localization occurs about the same for both sexes and about 60%.
From the presented data, we can understand that it is very important to identify the pathology for the most effective drug therapy at an early stage.Otherwise, running arthrosis treatment will be inaccessible to most elderly patients with a financial component.
Causes of Arthrosis Development and Risk Factors
The frequency of the formation of joint disease presented is due to the fact that the problem is severe in the medical circles of highly qualified countries.Hundreds of millions of dollars are spent on arthrosis learning annually by leading clinics.The gradual study of the problem has made it possible to identify the pathogenesis of the process and factors that may increase the likelihood of the disease.
Modern and more complete classification of joint degeneration will be presented below, at this point it is enough to understand that primary and secondary forms are distinguished.
The causes that can lead to the development of secondary joint disease include the following:
- Congenital changes associated with blood supply to the articular joints;
- Damage to cartilage, ligament apparatus or bone growth zones;
- Disorders associated with metabolism, especially mineral connection;
- Autoimmune pathologies;
- Infections that affect bone tissue;
- Hemophilia.
Primary arthrosis is an independent disease, it can develop as a result of the influence of such provocation factors:
- Age;
- Excess body weight;
- Excessive physical activity;
- Surgical interventions in the joint;
- Genetic predisposition;
- Inadequate alimental intake of calcium and other minerals;
- Chronic intoxication;
- Long and frequent presence at low temperatures;
- Frequent damage to the bone joint.
Arthrosis Development Mechanism
The normal bone joint consists of two or more heads of the joint, ligament apparatus, cartilage and synovial fluid.All of these structures provide mobility without pain in the musculoskeletal system without pain, they also allow the load that is obtained by walking and jumping, scattering it without damaging the body.
Arthrosis of the joints belongs to a group of diseases of political origin.This means that most often the cause of development is the influence of the whole complex of triggers, including professional harmful, overweight, older and wrong nutrition.The pathogenesis is that certain influences cause a significant deterioration of blood supply and lymph flow from the specified area.
In addition, chondrocytes lose the ability to rapidly regenerate and produce the normal amount of intra -cardiac fluid, which reduces friction of surfaces during movement.Gradually, the cartilage becomes rough and begins to wash under the pressure of the body, during active movements of the body.
Gradually, the compensatory capabilities of the tissues dissolve and the chondrocyte layer is gradually erased.When degeneration reaches the bones, pronounced pain develops and mobility decreases significantly.Without proper treatment, the patient can completely lose the ability to take active movements and maintain their needs independently.
Symptoms of arthrosis
A person has not found out what arthrosis is, the disease gradually begins and does not show at an early stage.Over time, the patient notes the appearance of slight pain without some localization, which is enhanced by significant physical effort.Growing degeneration is caused by the fact that the pains appear in small movements and acquire a clear location.
The less noticeable symptoms of the development of arthrosis include:
- "Pain" pains in the case of weather;
- When moving;
- Hardness in the morning;
- Muscle cramps.
With deep cartilage damage, there are signs that indicate local inflammation such as swelling, redness of the skin, and local temperature rise.If a person is not looking for a doctor's help, the symptoms progresses and begin not only in the background of physical exercise but also during rest.
The rash of the chondrocyte layer causes the joints to deform and disrupt the normal functioning of the limb.When feeling abnormal focus, the patient points to the greatest pain points.In addition, the cartilage lip will be significantly thickened along its edges, indicating compensatory hypertrophy.
Pain
Large disorders in the field of bone joints cause some difficulties in the process of differential diagnosis.However, when evaluating the nature of the pain, arthrosis can distinguish arthrosis from other etiology of arthritis.In the described condition, usually painful sensations occur when performing active movements.Its intensity gradually increases when trying to increase the load on the damaged joint.
The clinical picture described is compatible with the first stage of the process.In the second and third stages of progression, the pains arise even in a completely resting state, you can stop them only by giving the limb a comfortable position.The difference between arthritis is the constant presence of pain that does not disappear when the position changes and also activates at night.
The seeds of the joint
Destruction of cartilage natural structure causes an active spread of chondroblasts, but each polypotenic cell in our body has a certain division limit.This phenomenon is called a compensatory buffer.This means that after a certain amount of mitotic division, the cell dies and can no longer reproduce its own.
After some time, this causes a joint gap to change the normal shape, in the so -called "Christ" or its lumens and its lamps.This phenomenon only exacerbates the process, as spikes arising during the destruction process cause additional damage during movement.
Due to changes in the smoothness of the articular surface, the appearance of tuberculosis and disorders, the amplitude of active and passive movements is significantly reduced.It is this symptom that most often provides medical attention to the patient.Unfortunately, at this point, the effectiveness of drug treatment becomes very low, only the adjustment of surgical funds can correct the situation.
Properties include:
- High probability of developing "contracture" or complete disappearance of active and passive movements in the limb;
- Stock is observed throughout the day, and not just in the morning as arthritis;
- In some cases, the limb should be hand -cut to give it a more convenient position.
Sounds like a joint
Many heard the characteristic "crunchy" sound when the joints were joints.There is a theory that this phenomenon is observed in a healthy person when the pressure in the bone capsule changes in the capsule, as a result, the density of synovial fluid changes dramatically and the gas bubbles that expand and swollen rapidly form the cortex.This phenomenon is not dangerous, but arthrosis -like sound is seen as a result of other processes.
Krista cartilage cartilage and joint lip cartilage destruction, which results in crack formation and renewal of the ligament apparatus.Even an inexperienced person will be able to distinguish sound with arthrosis - he is more rough and "dry."The severity and volume of the symptom described are directly proportional to the stage of the disease.
The specifics of the sounds in the joint with arthrosis are:
- Their presence only in a stunning joint;
- Always accompanied by deterioration of mobility;
- Costs develop at the next stage of the disease.
Change the appearance of the joint
At the initial stage of arthrosis development, the process does not cause a bone joint shape.A noticeable change can only be observed with neglected disease when one part of the joint is completely erased and the other again forms cartilage cells.As a result, the abnormal area increases significantly and loses its natural shape.The specified symptom is extremely undesirable because the deformation in the region, such as the knee or thigh joint, will constantly cause changes in the area of the loaded axis used in the lower structures.
Arthrosis types and stages
The modern classification of arthrosis is quite distributed, due to the huge list of possible localization of the pathological focus.
For the convenience of communication between different medical centers and even countries in the diagnosis and treatment of this disease, the key is:
- Hand arthrosis;
- Cervical;
- Ankle;
- Article;
- Polyarthrosis;
- Head;
- Spine.
When determining the diagnosis, a very important stage is to accurately determine the stage of the destructive process.The stages of arthrosis development are distinguished:
Stage 1 - There are no striking changes in the joint form, disorders are observed in the biochemical composition of intra -the -blood fluid, as there is a slight syndrome of pain, which fills the joint with inflammatory manifestations.
Stage 2 - The degenerative process is observed in cartilage tissue, "Christ" forms, firmness and significant pain syndrome joins movements.Distribution of the joint surrounding the muscles develops.
Stage 3 - Determine the presence of extensive cartilage destruction, the shape of the joint changes, the amplitude of active and passive movements in the limbs is significantly reduced, or there is no completely.Often at this point in patients, a contracture develops, which completely stops movements in the affected side.
Complications
The uncontrolled process of destruction can lead to severe complications, which can lead to a reduction in the quality of life, leading to the complete inability to care for independently.
The most difficult includes:
- Complete destruction of the cartilage tissue of the joint;
- Contraction;
- The appearance of hernia protrusions in the area of intervertebral discs;
- Patient disability;
- Significant deformation of the limb.
Treatment of arthrosis
Unfortunately, many patients, unfortunately, understand what arthrosis is and how to treat it at this point when a significant effect is no longer possible to achieve a significant effect.It is necessary to get involved in adjusting the condition of the musculoskeletal system after the first symptoms and life expectancy.This is due to the fact that the influence of factors associated with the development of the disease can rarely be avoided.For example, blood supply to the joint and age -related changes in the lymph flow require constant use of vascular drugs.Given the pathogenesis, therapy should be difficult and comprehensive.To begin with, after moving unpleasant sensations, consult a rheumatological profile or traumatologist.The doctor, based on laboratory and instrumental diagnosis, will determine an accurate diagnosis and determine the issue of adequate treatment.
Treated with medication
In the early stages of arthrosis, you can fix the situation with the help of medication.For this purpose, such medicines are used:
- Adrenal cortex hormones;
- Non -anti -anti -anti -anti -anti -anti -anti -remedies;
- Preparations with chondroprotective effects.
The complex effect will make it possible to survive the patient's pain, equalize the inflammatory process, and restore normal blood supply in the shortest possible time.
The latest therapy
Development in the field of drug treatment has led to the creation of new drugs that are essentially substituted for natural synovial fluid.Developed molecules can significantly reduce the process of cartilage degeneration, reduce pain, and save the patient from inflammatory phenomena.Artificial synovial fluid is introduced directly into a joint bag every week.One course of treatment is 3-5 weeks.Usually, the result is sufficient for 6-12 months for a normal human life.Patients say comfort and quality of life are significantly improved.Unfortunately, this tactic is used only for people with 1-2 stages of arthrosis.
Surgical treatment
With severe damage to large joints, such as the thigh or knee, at a relatively young age, patients are offered surgery for complete replacement of the joint.Today, ceramic and titanium transplant is used, which can completely restore lost functions.These devices are strong enough and will be able to the patient for up to 20 years, without any mobility in modified joints.
Folk recipes
Non -traditional medicine is widely used for the treatment of arthrosis.This is due to the fact that after stopping the acute process, continuous therapy is needed to restore and maintain the natural structure of the cartilage.To achieve goals, the products used must be safe and as natural as possible.
Compresses and lotions with the following plants are very popular:
- Ginger root;
- Cinnamon;
- Calocho;
- Turmeric;
- Celery.
Diet with arthrosis
When treating the presented pathology, it is very important to provide the body with a permanent intake of nutrients.This can only be achieved if proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins and microelements are protected by proteins, fats.To enter the most adequate circle of power, you need to seek the help of nourishing.It is necessary to remove fast carbohydrates and alcohol from the diet.The basis of the table should be fish, red meat and fresh fruit dishes.
It is very important to adhere to the following nutritional rules of arthrosis:
- Balance;
- Eat 5-6 times a day in small portions;
- Do not eat at 19:00;
- Removal of excess body weight.
Prevention
Today there is no specific prevention of arthrosis due to the polyethological condition.
You can warn the disease by observing general recommendations:
- Proper nutrition;
- Moderate physical activity 2-3 times a week;
- Normalization of body weight;
- Frequent diet;
- Adherence to personal hygiene rules;
- Refuse bad habits.
Conclusion
The abnormal condition of the musculoskeletal system is often observed in elderly patients.It is necessary to increase the incidence of early diagnosis of the disease, as only in this case can a successful outcome be hopeful of conservative treatment.The forecast of work capabilities, with the early identification and observance of all the prescriptions of the physician, is favorable.The presence of arthrosis of the third stage is accompanied by an unnecessary prognosis and can lead to a complete inability to the patient.
However, even the most severe form of the disease is regulated by the help of surgical treatment, the disadvantage of which is:
- Trauma of surgery;
- High cost;
- Long rehabilitation period;
- It cannot be used for patients older than 60 years of age.